几种不同施肥方式对雷竹产量的影响研究

采用随机区组设计试验,分析对比竹腔施肥、普通施肥和不施肥3种处理对雷竹生长的影响。试验结果表明:竹腔施肥与普通施肥和不施肥比较,出笋数量分别增加12.11%和33.26%,退笋率分别降低3.3%和4.2%,经济收益分别提高14.0%和33.4%,新竹平均胸径分别增加0.25 cm和0.35 cm。综上所述,施肥对产笋量、成竹率、新竹径级和单位面积收益上均有积极的影响作用。不同施肥方式其作用效果为:竹腔施肥>普通施肥>不施肥。     

建德市公益林生态系统服务价值评价

对公益林生态系统服务功能和价值评估进行研究,为建德市公益林保护、规划和管理提供科学指导和理论依据。本文依据《生态系统服务功能评估规范》,结合涵养水源、保育土壤等8项指标,评价建德市公益林生态系统服务价值。结果表明,建德市公益林生态系统服务总价值81.64亿元,其中涵养水源效益25.22亿元,固土保肥效益4.43亿元,固碳释氧效益12.53亿元,积累营养效益0.48亿元,森林游憩效益22.19亿元,净化大气效益3.21亿元,生物多样性保护效益12.13亿元,森林防护效益1.45亿元。公益林生态系统服务价值远高于其直接利用价值,表明应继续实施生态补偿政策,努力提高生态补偿标准。     

运用植被指数时序特征对落叶松人工林分类

为探究植被指数时序特征是否有利于落叶松人工林提取,以孟家岗林场为研究试验区域,根据落叶松人工林季相和物候特征,利用Landsat8OLI影像数据提取研究区内5种植被的归一化植被指数(I NDV)、差值植被指数(I DV)、比值植被指数(I RV)、增强型植被指数(I EV),构建相应的植被指数时序特征。采用最大似然和随机森林两种方法对单一时相影像和加入植被指数时序特征的影像进行对比试验。结果表明:影像中加入植被指数时序特征后,最大似然算法的分类总体精度为89.53%,Kappa系数为0.87,比单一时序特征的影像分类精度提高了13.35%;随机森林算法的森林类型分类总体精度为93.22%,Kappa系数为0.92,比单一时序特征的影像分类精度提高了19.8%。因此,加入植被指数时序特征后能得到更高的落叶松人工林提取精度。     

Interaction between climate and management on beta diversity components of vegetation in relation to soil properties in arid and semi-arid oak forests,Iran

This study aimed to investigate the interaction between regions with different climatic conditions(arid vs. semi-arid) and management(protected vs. unprotected) on the turnover and nestedness of vegetation in relation to physical, chemical and biological properties of soils in the Ilam Province of Iran. In each of the two regions, we sampled 8 sites(4 managed and 4 unmanaged sites) within each of which we established 4 circular plots(1000 m~2) that were used to investigate woody species, while two micro-plots(1 m×1 m) were established in each 1000-m~2 plot to analyze herbaceous species. In each sample unit, we also extracted three soil samples(0–20 cm depth) for measuring soil properties. The results indicated that the interaction between region and conservational management significantly affected the percent of canopy cover of Persian oak(Quercus brantii Linddl), soil respiration, substrate-induced respiration, as well as beta and gamma diversities and turnover of plant species. The percent of oak canopy cover was positively correlated with soil silt, electrical conductivity, available potassium, and alpha diversity, whereas it was negatively correlated with plant turnover. In addition, plant turnover was positively related to available phosphorus, while nestedness of species was positively related to organic carbon and total nitrogen. According to these results, we concluded that physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of limited ecological niche generally influenced plant diversity. Also, this study demonstrated the major contribution of the beta diversity on gamma diversity, especially in semi-arid region, because of the higher heterogeneity of vegetation in this area.     

气候变化情景下毛竹潜在分布及动态预测

为探究毛竹的潜在分布及其动态变化，并确定对其分布起主导作用的环境变量，文章基于MaxEnt预测模型，利用环境变量图层及316个毛竹分布点数据研究毛竹地理分布的变化。结果显示：1）限制毛竹分布的主要环境变量为最干月降水量、年均降水量、最冷月最低温、年平均温、温度年较差和海拔；2）当前毛竹的潜在适生区主要位于中国东南部，与亚热带季风气候区大致重叠，高适生区主要位于总适生区的东部和西北部；3）在未来气候情景下，毛竹总适生区面积有所缩减，各不同等级适生区面积变化大，其中高适生区面积大幅度缩减。研究获得的毛竹适生区变化趋势可为毛竹培育、引种以及入侵防治提供参考。     

Artificial neural network modeling of microbial community structures in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil

Microbial communities vary across the landscape in forest soils, but prediction of their biomass and composition is a difficult challenge due to the large numbers of variables that influence their community structures. Here we examine the use of artificial neural network (ANN) models for extraction of patterns among soil chemical variables and microbial community structures in forest soils from three regions of the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. At each location, variations in soil chemical properties and FAME profiles of microbial community structures were mapped at 20 × 20 m intervals within 10 ha parcels. Geostatistical analyses showed that spatial variability in soil physical and chemical variables could be mapped at scale distances of 20 m, but that FAME profiles representing the microbial communities were highly variable and had no spatial dependence at the same scale in most cases. RDA analysis showed that FAME signatures representing different microbial groups were positively associated with soil pH, OM, P and base cations concentrations, whereas microbial biomass was negatively associated with the same environmental factors. In contrast, ANN models revealed clear relationships between microbial community structures at each parcel location, and generated verifiable predictions of variations in FAME profiles in relation to soil pH, texture, and the relative abundances of base cations. The results suggest that ANN modeling provides a useful approach for describing the relationships between microbial community structures and soil properties in tropical forest soils that were not able to be captured using geostatistical and RDA analyses.     

毛竹顺纹抗拉性质的变异及与气干密度的关系

将毛竹轴向分段(4段)、径向分层(6层)取样,研究其顺纹抗拉弹性模量和顺纹抗拉强度的变异规律,顺纹抗拉性质与气干密度之间的关系.结果表明:毛竹的顺纹抗拉弹性模量和顺纹抗拉强度的径向变异很大,不同位置竹材的顺纹抗拉弹性模量为8.49～32.49 GPa,最外层竹材的顺纹抗拉弹性模量约是最内层的3～4倍;不同位置顺竹材顺纹抗强度在115.94～328.15 MPa之间,最外层竹材的顺纹抗强度是最内层的2～3倍.用直线方程预测毛竹顺纹抗拉性质的效果略优于曲线方程的效果.     

毛竹扩鞭成林新竹生长效果研究

对毛竹林周边扩鞭成林试验表明，不同扩鞭成林措施对扩展区域内新竹的数量和质量指标均有一定的影响，其中，不同措施对新竹株数、扩展范围的影响极显著，对退笋率、胸径的影响显著，对新竹高的影响不显著。施肥措施的新竹扩展范围大、退笋率低；深翻垦复措施的新竹株数多；复合措施的效果更好。随着坡位的降低，毛竹扩鞭成林的新竹数量指标和质量指标均呈变好的趋势。研究结果可为毛竹扩鞭成林提供参考。     

闽东竹阔混交林毛竹生产力研究

对闽东12年生竹阔混交林中毛竹生产力的研究结果表明:竹阔混交林比纯林具有较高的生产力,毛竹的平均胸径、平均竹高、平均竹秆产量、平均蓄积量分别比毛竹纯林增加了17.9%、8.7%、37.53%和25.6%;立竹度、均匀度、整齐度、叶面积指数均比毛竹纯林高。     

毛竹笋用林合理竹龄结构及其笋期生长规律

通过多年不同毛竹林分观测分析,提出2度竹的比例在一定范围内影响着笋用林的产量。分析丽水市郊山地笋用林盛期出现的时间及其发生规律,认为笋用林笋期生长规律和气象因子关系密切,丽水市郊的山地笋用林通常是在3月下旬至4月上旬为出笋盛期。对刚露箨叶至出土后10天的笋个体分析表明,对单支笋重的影响长度比笋径大,留笋时间的长短对产量有决定性影响,但从营养成分、加工适性等方面考虑,以笋刚出土时挖掘为最适时期,此时,笋长与笋径相关极显著。